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bio nio

重温一下Java传统IO(BIO),NIO的运行过程及其不同

我的笔记 我的笔记 发表于2020-03-13 15:16:35 浏览2823 评论0

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传统IO

在地铁上闲来无事,重温一下传统IO,NIO的区别。

1)、首先,要想理解区别,就要理解传统IO的执行过程,就以服务端为例,传统IO通过new ServerScoket对象

2)、然后,调用accept()方法,阻塞到此处,当有一个客户端连接时,就会继续向下执行处理handler

3)、如果此时客户端发来消息,socket会执行read方法,读取客户端传来的数据,否则就还是阻塞到read方法处。

代码:

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @Description :
 * @Author :付亚东
 * @Date :2020/3/13
 **/
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            ServerSocket serverSocket =new ServerSocket(12341);
            while (true){
                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                System.out.println("客户端连接");
                handler(socket);
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void handler(Socket socket) throws Exception{
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();

        byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];
        while (inputStream.read(bytes)!=-1){
            System.out.println(new String(bytes));
        }

    }
}

我通过telnet进行连接:

image.png

通过传统IO的执行过程,可以看出

1、传统IO一个线程只能供一个客户端连接

2、传统IO在客户端连接后如果不发数据,会占用服务器资源,造成浪费

3、采用stream的方式传输数据,效率低下

NIO

NIO是jdk1.4新提出的IO模型,是非阻塞IO。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Iterator;

 public class ServerDemo{

    private ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
    private ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
    private Selector selector;

    public ServerDemo() throws IOException{
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        ServerSocket serverSocket = serverSocketChannel.socket();
        serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
        System.out.println("listening on port 8080");

        this.selector = Selector.open();;

        // 绑定channel的accept
        serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        new ServerDemo().go();
    }

    private void go() throws Exception{

        // block api
        while(selector.select()>0){

            Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            while(iterator.hasNext()){
                SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                iterator.remove();
                // 新连接
                if(selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
                    System.out.println("isAcceptable");
                    ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();

                    // 新注册channel
                    SocketChannel socketChannel  = server.accept();
                    if(socketChannel==null){
                        continue;
                    }
                    socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                     // 注意!这里和阻塞io的区别非常大,在编码层面之前的等待输入已经变成了注册事件,这样我们就可以在等待的时候做别的事情,
                    // 比如监听更多的socket连接,也就是之前说了一个线程监听多个socket连接。这也是在编码的时候最直观的感受
                    socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ| SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);


                    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
                    buffer.put("hi new channel".getBytes());
                    buffer.flip();
                    socketChannel.write(buffer);
                }

                // 服务端关心的可读,意味着有数据从client传来了,根据不同的需要进行读取,然后返回
                if(selectionKey.isReadable()){
                    System.out.println("isReadable");
                    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();

                    readBuffer.clear();
                    socketChannel.read(readBuffer);
                    readBuffer.flip();

                    String receiveData= Charset.forName("UTF-8").decode(readBuffer).toString();
                    System.out.println("receiveData:"+receiveData);

                    // 把读到的数据绑定到key中
                    selectionKey.attach("server message echo:"+receiveData);
                }

                // 实际上服务端不在意这个,这个写入应该是client端关心的,这只是个demo,顺便试一下selectionKey的attach方法
                if(selectionKey.isWritable()){
                    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();

                    String message = (String) selectionKey.attachment();
                    if(message==null){
                        continue;
                    }
                    selectionKey.attach(null);

                    writeBuffer.clear();
                    writeBuffer.put(message.getBytes());
                    writeBuffer.flip();
                    while(writeBuffer.hasRemaining()){
                        socketChannel.write(writeBuffer);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }}

很明显可以看到,

1、NIO不需要read

2、不需要阻塞等待客户端链接,

3、不需要单个新建线程进行处理

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